Internet
The
Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a
network of networks
that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet
carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such
as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.
Although the Internet protocol suite has been widely used by academia and the military industrial complex since the early 1980s, events of the late 1980s and 1990s such as more powerful and affordable computers, the advent of fiber optics, the popularization of HTTP and the Web browser,
and a push towards opening the technology to commerce eventually
incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect
of contemporary life.
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The impact of the Internet has been so immense that it has been referred to as the "8th continent".
The origins of the Internet date back to research and development commissioned by the United States government, the Government of the UK and France in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.
This work, led to the primary precursor networks, the ARPANET, in the United States, Manchester Mark in the United Kingdom and CYCLADES
in France. The interconnection of regional academic networks in the
1980s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet.
From the late 1980s onward, the network experienced sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to it.
Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world. In the 20 years since 1995, Internet use has grown 100-times, measured for the period of one year, to over one third of the world population.
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Most traditional communications media, including telephony and
television, are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving
birth to new services such as Internet telephony and Internet television. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The entertainment industry was initially the fastest growing segment on the Internet.
[citation needed] The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.
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The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological
implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent
network sets its own policies. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international
participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical
expertise.
Internet
